Strep throat: current guidance for patients and families
Strep throat is an infection caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria. Because viruses cause most sore throats, symptoms alone cannot always determine whether an infection is strep. A healthcare professional can decide whether testing is appropriate.
This article is for general education only. A dental team does not diagnose or treat strep throat; contact a physician, pediatrician, or urgent-care provider for medical evaluation.
Common signs and symptoms
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, common symptoms can include:
- A sore throat that begins quickly
- Pain when swallowing
- Fever
- Red or swollen tonsils, sometimes with white patches
- Swollen lymph nodes at the front of the neck
Cough, runny nose, hoarseness, or pink eye are more commonly associated with a viral illness. Symptoms can overlap, so seek professional guidance rather than attempting to diagnose the cause at home.
How strep throat is diagnosed
A healthcare provider may use a rapid strep test, a throat culture, or both. The CDC notes that children and teenagers with a negative rapid test may require a follow-up throat culture, while clinical decisions for adults can differ.
Antibiotics are used for confirmed group A strep infections, not viral sore throats. Take prescribed medication exactly as directed and contact the prescribing clinician if symptoms worsen, do not improve, or cause concern.
Reducing the spread of infection
- Wash hands often with soap and water.
- Cover coughs and sneezes.
- Avoid sharing cups, utensils, food, or personal items.
- Wash used dishes and utensils thoroughly.
- Follow the treating clinician’s advice about returning to work, school, or social activities.
Toothbrushes, retainers, and oral appliances
If you use a retainer, nightguard, aligner, or oral sleep appliance, ask your medical and dental providers whether it needs special cleaning during or after an infection. Follow the appliance manufacturer’s cleaning instructions; harsh chemicals and very hot water can damage some materials.
Do not use bleach or another disinfectant on an oral appliance unless its manufacturer and your dental provider specifically confirm that the method is safe.
When to get help
Contact a medical professional if you suspect strep throat or have persistent or worsening symptoms. Seek urgent medical care for difficulty breathing, inability to swallow fluids, signs of dehydration, or other severe symptoms.
For the most current patient information, review the CDC’s guidance on strep throat symptoms and prevention and testing and diagnosis.
